If you are an ACoA

or know someone who is, contact the local chapter of
AL - ANON for local support group meeting dates and times

How many COAs are there? How many become alcoholics?
There were an estimated 28.6 million COAs in the U.S. in 1991, nearly 7million of them under age 18. Of the under-18 group, almost 3 million will develop alcoholism, other drug problems, and/or other serious coping problems. About half of COAs marry alcoholics and are likely to recreate thesame kinds of highly stressful and unhealthy families in which they grew up.

What about the other COAs?Based on stories from adult COAs in professional treatment and self- helpprograms, it appears all children are affected by family alcoholism. But,going back to the good news, many of them make positive adjustments to their families alcoholism. Even COAs in high- risk environments with other chronic sources of stress including poverty, racism, disrupted marriages, serious emotional problems, and histories of abuse and neglect -- are often able to overcome these painful beginnings and create healthy, fulfilling lives for themselves.
DHHS Publication No. (ADM) 92-1914Printed 1992, reprinted 1993 and 1995


The Problem

Many of us found that we had several characteristics in common as a result of being brought up in an alcoholic or other dysfunctional households.

We had come to feel isolated, and uneasy with other people, especially authority figures. To protect ourselves, we became people pleasers, even though we lost our own identities in the process. All the same we would mistake any personal criticism as a threat.

We either became alcoholics ourselves, married them, or both. Failing that, we found other compulsive personalities, such as a workaholic, to fulfill our sick need for abandonment.

We lived live from the standpoint of victims. Having an over developed sense of responsibility, we preferred to be concerned with others rather than ourselves. We got guilt feelings when we trusted ourselves, giving in to others. We became reactors rather than actors, letting others take the initiative.

We were dependent personalities, terrified of abandonment, willing to do almost anything to hold on to a relationship in order not to be abandoned emotionally. We keep choosing insecure relationships because they matched our childhood relationship with alcoholic or dysfunctional parents.

These symptoms of the family disease of alcoholism or other dysfunction made us 'co-victims', those who take on the characteristics of the disease without necessarily ever taking a drink. We learned to keep our feelings down as children and keep them buried as adults. As a result of this conditioning, we often confused love with pity, tending to love those we could rescue.

Even more self-defeating, we became addicted to excitement in all our affairs, preferring constant upset to workable solutions.

This is a description, not an indictment.

Charecteristics of The Adult Child


There is no absolute definition of an "adult child. Most adult children have in common a set of dysfunctional ways of behaving which interfere with or simply take the joy out of daily living. These have been gathered from several resources

Adult children of alcoholics guess at what normal is.
There is no frame of reference for what it is like to be in a normal household. You also have no frame of reference for what is O.K. to say and feel. In a more typical situation, one does not have to walk on eggs all the time. Because you did, you became confused. Many things from the past contributed to your having to guess at what normal is.

Adult children judge themselves without mercy Your judgment of others is not nearly as harsh as your judgement of yourself, although it is hard for you to see other people's behaviour in terms of a continuum either. Black and white, good or bad, are typically the way you look at things. You know what it feels like to be bad, and how those feelings make you behave. And then if you are good there is always the risk that it won't last. So either way you set yourself up.

Adult children constantly seek approval and affirmation.The message you got as a child was very confused. It was not unconditional love. The definitions were not clear and the messages were mixed. "Yes, no, I love you, go away." So you grew up with some confusion about yourself. The affirmations you did not get on a day-to-day basis as a child, you interpret as negative

We take ourselves too seriously.

We have dificulty having fun These two characteristics are closely linked. You didn't hear your parents laughing and joking and fooling around. Life was a very serious, angry business. The tone in your house put a damper on your fun. Eventually, you just went along with everybody else. Having fun just was not fun. The spontaneous child within was quashed.

We have difficulty in intimate relationships The feelings of being insecure or having difficulty in trusting, and of questions about whether or not you are going to get hurt are not exclusive to adult children. These are problems most people have. It is simply a matter of degree, your being a child of a alcoholic caused the ordinary difficulties to become more severe

We usually feel different from other people.

We are super responsible or super irresponsible

We have an overdeveloped sense of responsibility and it is easier for us to be concerned with others rather than ourselves; this enables us not to look too closely at our faults or our responsibility to ourselves.

We are extremely loyal even in the face of evidence that loyalty is undeserved

Adult children are impulsive. We tend to lock ourselves into a cause of action without giving serious consideration to alternative behaviors or possible consequences. This impulsivity leads to confusion, self loathing, and loss of control of our environment. As a result more energy is spent cleaning up the mess than would have been spent had the alternatives and consequences been examined in the first place.

Adult children of alcoholics overreact to changes over which they have no control.

Adult children of alcoholics lie when it would be just as easy to tell the truth.


Recovery Resources:

order on line available for some of the listed booksHazelden Catalog 1-800-257-7810Hazelden is a nonprofit organization dedicated to helping people recover from alcoholism and other drug addiction. We provide residential and outpatient treatment for adults and young people, programs for families affected by chemical dependency, and training for a variety of professionals. Hazelden is also known as the world's premier publisher of information on this subject and related areas.

Reading List


Daily Affirmations for Adult Children of Alcoholics
Rokelle Lerner

Affirmations for the Inner Child
Rokelle Lerner


Perfect Daughters by Robert J. Ackerman
When this groundbreaking book first appeared over ten years ago, Dr. Ackerman identified behavior patterns shared by daughters of alcoholics. Adult daughters of alcoholics-"perfect daughters" -operate from a base of harsh and limiting views of themselves and the world. Having learned that they must function perfectly in order to avoid unpleasant situations, these women often assume responsibility for the failures of others. They are drawn to chemically dependent men and are more likely to become addicted themselves. More than just a text that identifies these behavior patterns, this book collects the thoughts, feelings and experiences of twelve hundred perfect daughters, offering readers an opportunity to explore their own life's dynamics and thereby heal and grow.

Alcoholics Anonymous - Big Book 4th Edition by AA Services

The Complete ACOA Sourcebook: Adult Children of Alcoholics at Home, at Work and in Love
by Robert Ackerman (Foreword), Janet Woititz

Living Sober (#2150) by AA Services

Struggle for Intimacy (Adult Children of Alcoholics series)

Lifeskills for Adult Children

Adult Children : The Secrets of Dysfunctional Families
by John C. Friel Ph.D.
It is estimated that as many as 34 million people grew up in alcoholic homes. But what about the rest of us? What about families that had no alcoholism, but did have perfectionism, workaholism, compulsive overeating, intimacy problems, depression, problems in expressing feelings, plus all the other personality traits that can produce a family system much like an alcoholic one?

Recovery: A Guide for Adult Children of Alcoholicsby Herbert L. Gravitz, Julie D. Bowden

The Adult Children of Alcoholics Syndrome : From Discovery to Recovery
by Wayne Kritsberg

Synopsis: Kritsberg outlines a complete self-help recovery program based on his unique Family Integration System, with techniques such as exploring family myths, writing letters to oneself as a child, daily affirmations, and dialoguing with absent family members.

Children of Alcoholism : A Survivor's Manual
by Judith S. Seixas, Geraldine Youcha

Children of Alcoholics: A Critical Appraisal of Theory and Research
The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Mental Health and Developement
Kenneth J. Sher

This study offers a comprehensive, critical look at what is known and not known about children of alcoholics, and also constructs a model for assessing existing theory and introducing new methodological rigor into this field.

Evaluating and Treating Adult Children of Alcoholics
: Evaluation (Professional Series)
by Timmen L. Cermak
Hardcover Published by Johnson Inst

From Survival to Recovery: Growing up in an Alcoholic home :
by Al-Anon Family Group Head

Children of Alcoholics: As Youngsters--Adolescents--Adults: "It Will Never Happen to Me!"
by Claudia Black

This "little green book," as it has come to be known to hundreds of thousands of C.O.A.'s and A.C.O.A.'s, is meant to help the reader understand the roles children in alcoholic families adopt, the problems they face in adulthood as a result, and what they can do to break the pattern of destruction.

Children of Alcoholics
by Carol Chanco

Adult Children of Alcoholics
by Janet Geringer Woititz
Published by Health Communications

Synopsis: Ten years ago, Janet Woititz broke new ground in the understanding of the Adult Child of an alcoholic by listing the characteristics that ACoAs share. Here, in a new and expanded edition, the mother of the ACoA movement provides wisdom and information for all Adult Children of dysfunctional families.

An Adult Child's Guide to What's 'Normal
by John C. Friel Ph.D., Linda D. Friel M.A

Synopsis:A practical guide to begin dealing with the pain and trauma of being raisedin a dysfunctional family. Your parents may not have been able to teach youlifeskills but it is not too late to learn them now. This book will help thereader to learn how to respond to the challenges, problems and traps that they are faced with daily.
Order on Line

12 Steps for Adult Children by Friends in Recovery

Forgiving Our Parents Forgiving Ourselves
: Healing Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families
by David, Dr. Stoop, James, Dr. Masteller

Healing the Shame That Binds You
by John Bradshaw

Synopsis:In an emotionally revealing way, Bradshaw shows us how toxic shame is the core problem in our compulsions, co-dependencies, addictions, and the drive to superachieve, resulting in the breakdown in the family system and ourinability to go forward with our lives.

Homecoming : Reclaiming and Championing Your Inner Child
by John Bradshaw

Synopsis: The renowned self-help expert examines the significance of recovering one's "inner child" in order to overcome addictions and make possible spiritual growth, freedom, and a full adjustment to adulthood

Healing The Child Within: Discovery and Recovery for Adult Children of Dysfunctional Families
by Charles L. Whitfield

Synopsis:The "Child Within" refers to that part of each of us which is ultimatelyalive, energetic, creative and fulfilled; it is our real self--who we trulyare. The author describes the journey of discovery and healing our fears,confusion, and unhappiness.

Recovery of Your Inner Child : The Highly Acclaimed Method for Liberating Your Inner Self
Lucia Capacchione



ACoA Sites on the Web

Adult Children of Alcoholics World Wide Service Organization

A.C.O.A (Adult Children of Alcoholics) The Awareness Center
Dr. Janet G. Woititz

Certificate of the Right to Play


suggestions or sites you would like to see added: email webwench@cougares.com

A very heart felt thank you to a special friend who has offered emotional support when it was needed, torn up his bookshelf to assemble the reading list, and recomended sites for the links .

Cougares.com